Everolimus(依維莫司,AbMole)是一種雷帕霉素(Rapamycin)的衍生物,能特異性抑制哺乳動(dòng)物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)復(fù)合物1(mTORC1)的絲氨酸-蘇氨酸激酶活性,調(diào)控下游信號(hào)通路,包括降低p-p70S6K、p-4EBP1、p-S6K及核糖體蛋白S6(RPS6)的磷酸化水平,誘導(dǎo)自噬(該過(guò)程可被3-Methyladenine Chloroquine 或Bafilomycin A1 阻斷)、觸發(fā)G0/G1期細(xì)胞周期阻滯、促進(jìn)凋亡,并影響糖酵解和炎癥因子分泌。Everolimus(RAD001)具有抗腫瘤活性,例如在786-0、ACHN等透明細(xì)胞癌及乳頭狀癌細(xì)胞系中,1–10 µM 的Everolimus能劑量依賴性地抑制細(xì)胞增殖[1]。Everolimus(SDZ-RAD,AbMole)在部分耐藥的腫瘤細(xì)胞中(如MCF-7:5C和MCF-7:2A),能誘導(dǎo)G1期阻滯(下調(diào)cyclin D1、p21),降低ER表達(dá)與轉(zhuǎn)錄活性、HSP90的水平,并恢復(fù)細(xì)胞對(duì)4-羥基他莫昔芬(4-Hydroxytamoxifen) 的敏感性[2]。
此外,在PI3K/PTEN突變的三陰性乳腺癌CAL-51細(xì)胞中,Everolimus(CAS No.:68047-06-3)與Gefitinib(吉非替尼)聯(lián)用顯著抑制mTOR/P70S6K磷酸化及4E-BP1激活,誘導(dǎo)凋亡[3]。Everolimus(依維莫司)還具有抗病毒與免疫調(diào)節(jié)活性,例如在巨細(xì)胞病毒(CMV)感染的細(xì)胞模型中,實(shí)驗(yàn)人員發(fā)現(xiàn)Everolimus通過(guò)抑制mTORC1,顯著減少感染細(xì)胞數(shù)量(降至對(duì)照組40%),抑制病毒DNA合成與釋放[4];在AGS細(xì)胞中,Everolimus能抑制NF-κB通路,減輕幽門螺桿菌誘導(dǎo)的ROS/MDA水平,降低IL-6、TNF-α、IL-8等促炎因子表達(dá)及THP-1細(xì)胞的黏附[5]。Everolimus還能抑制動(dòng)物器官移植模型中的免疫排斥反應(yīng),例如在肝臟和腎臟移植模型中能夠有效抵抗排斥反應(yīng),促進(jìn)Treg生成,增強(qiáng)免疫耐受[6]。
范例詳解
Oncogene. 2020 Apr;39(15):3163-3178.
圖 1. The MAPK pathway is the main downstream effector of EGFR-mediated epigenetic silencing of SIX3[7].
參考文獻(xiàn)及鳴謝
[1] Kornakiewicz, A.; Czarnecka, A. M.; Khan, M. I.; et al. Effect of Everolimus on Heterogenous Renal Cancer Cells Populations Including Renal Cancer Stem Cells. Stem cell reviews and reports 2018, 14 (3), 385-397.
[2] Lui, A.; New, J.; Ogony, J.; et al. Everolimus downregulates estrogen receptor and induces autophagy in aromatase inhibitor-resistant breast cancer cells. BMC cancer 2016, 16, 487.
[3] El Guerrab, A.; Bamdad, M.; Bignon, Y. J.; et al. Co-targeting EGFR and mTOR with gefitinib and everolimus in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Scientific reports 2020, 10 (1), 6367.
[4] Tan, L.; Sato, N.; Shiraki, A.; et al. Everolimus delayed and suppressed cytomegalovirus DNA synthesis, spread of the infection, and alleviated cytomegalovirus infection. Antiviral research 2019, 162, 30-38.
[5] Liu, J.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, Z.; et al. Everolimus ameliorates Helicobacter pylori infection-induced inflammation in gastric epithelial cells. Bioengineered 2022, 13 (5), 11361-11372.
[6] Levitsky, J.; Miller, J.; Huang, X.; et al. Immunoregulatory Effects of Everolimus on In Vitro Alloimmune Responses. PloS one 2016, 11 (6), e0156535.
[7] Yu, Z.; Feng, J.; Wang, W.; et al. The EGFR-ZNF263 signaling axis silences SIX3 in glioblastoma epigenetically. Oncogene 2020, 39 (15), 3163-3178.
動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)參考
動(dòng)物模型:Transgenic mice expressing the L858R mutation of EGFR
配制:Not mentioned
劑量:10 mg/kg
給藥處理:Oral administration
參考文獻(xiàn):Experimental cell research, 2014, 326(2): 201-209.
*上述方法來(lái)自公開文獻(xiàn),僅供相同目的實(shí)驗(yàn)參考。如實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康、材料、方法不同,?qǐng)參考其他文獻(xiàn)。
體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)的工作液,建議現(xiàn)用現(xiàn)配,當(dāng)天使用;如在配制過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)沉淀、析出現(xiàn)象,可以通過(guò)超聲和(或)加熱的方式助溶。
切勿一次性將產(chǎn)品全部溶解。
建議制定動(dòng)物給藥及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案時(shí),盡量參考已發(fā)表的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)文獻(xiàn)(溶劑種類及配比眾多,簡(jiǎn)單地溶解目的化合物,并不能解決動(dòng)物給藥依從性、體內(nèi)生物利用度、組織分布等相關(guān)問(wèn)題,未必能保證目的化合物在動(dòng)物體內(nèi)充分發(fā)揮生物學(xué)效用)。