N-Ethylmaleimide(NEM,AbMole,M9353)是一種常用的烷基化試劑,主要通過修飾蛋白質(zhì)中的半胱氨酸殘基(-SH基團(tuán))來影響其功能。這種修飾可逆或不可逆地改變蛋白質(zhì)構(gòu)象和活性,從而在細(xì)胞信號傳導(dǎo)、膜融合、離子轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和氧化應(yīng)激等過程中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。NEM(N-乙基馬來酰亞胺)在科研中廣泛應(yīng)用于生物化學(xué)和細(xì)胞生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),尤其在研究蛋白質(zhì)相互作用、酶活性和膜動力學(xué)方面。N-Ethylmaleimide(CAS No.:128-53-0)能夠影響多種細(xì)胞過程,例如N-Ethylmaleimide能夠抑制ATP酶N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor(NSF)的活性,NSF負(fù)責(zé)解離Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor(SNARE)復(fù)合物,該復(fù)合物能介導(dǎo)囊泡融合和神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放。而N-Ethylmaleimide通過烷基化NSF的關(guān)鍵半胱氨酸殘基,阻止SNARE復(fù)合物的回收,從而抑制膜融合事件(如神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放)[1]。在突觸研究中,細(xì)胞經(jīng)濃度為50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 μM的N-Ethylmaleimide處理后,可維持囊泡在釋放狀態(tài)[2]。N-Ethylmaleimide(NEM,AbMole,M9353)還可抑制轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白的功能,也是科研中常用到的蛋白轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)抑制劑,可靶向特定轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白的半胱氨酸位點(diǎn)。
在植物研究中,300 μM的NEM可抑制蔗糖(SUC)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白,干擾糖信號通路,影響細(xì)胞耐熱性和氧化還原平衡[3]。類似地,在紅細(xì)胞中,N-Ethylmaleimide能刺激K-Cl共轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)制,通過修飾轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白的巰基,調(diào)節(jié)離子平衡和細(xì)胞體積[4]。NEM還可作為激動劑激活瞬時(shí)受體電位通道(如TRPA1)。N-Ethylmaleimide以30 μM的濃度在HEK293細(xì)胞中,通過烷基化TRPA1通道的C621半胱氨酸殘基,誘導(dǎo)鈣離子內(nèi)流和離子通道開放,這一過程依賴于鈣信號傳導(dǎo)[5]。N-Ethylmaleimide還可用于硫醇定量分析:NEM在生化分析中用于標(biāo)記和定量自由硫醇基團(tuán),然后結(jié)合質(zhì)譜技術(shù),可精確測量蛋白質(zhì)中游離半胱氨酸的豐度[6]。在動物模型研究中,N-Ethylmaleimide常用于研究神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),包括痛覺傳遞、神經(jīng)損傷和動物睡眠,例如N-Ethylmaleimide以1 mg/kg的劑量通過腹腔注射能顯著改善小鼠的睡眠[7]。
參考文獻(xiàn)及鳴謝
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